{"id":2128,"date":"2021-12-21T21:08:50","date_gmt":"2021-12-21T21:08:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mistial.com\/nature-fr\/2021\/pin-ditalie-pinia\/"},"modified":"2021-12-21T21:20:33","modified_gmt":"2021-12-21T21:20:33","slug":"pin-ditalie-pinia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mistial.com\/fr\/nature-fr\/2021\/pin-ditalie-pinia\/","title":{"rendered":"Pin d&rsquo;Italie Pinia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le pin d&rsquo;Italie m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en Pinia est un arbre de taille moyenne avec une grande couronne plate en forme de parapluie qui pousse dans le bassin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en dans les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, en particulier dans le sud de l&rsquo;Europe occidentale.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nav1\">Conditions de croissance du pin<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;arbre occupe un large \u00e9ventail de conditions climatiques et p\u00e9dologiques, mais pr\u00e9sente une faible variabilit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique.  Le pin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en pousse mieux par temps sec, avec un fort ensoleillement direct et des temp\u00e9ratures \u00e9lev\u00e9es.  Le semis tol\u00e8re l&rsquo;ombre dans les premiers stades de croissance.<\/p>\n<p>Le pin pr\u00e9f\u00e8re les sols siliceux acides, mais tol\u00e8re \u00e9galement les sols calcaires.  Utilisez le pin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en pour :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>r\u00e9colter des graines comestibles (pignons) ;<\/li>\n<li>compactage des dunes de sable dans les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res;<\/li>\n<li>enregistrement;<\/li>\n<li>chasse;<\/li>\n<li>p\u00e2turage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"nav2\">Ennemis naturels des pins<\/h2>\n<p>Ce type de pin est rarement affect\u00e9 par les insectes nuisibles et les maladies.  Aux premiers stades de leur croissance, les plantules s&rsquo;attaquent \u00e0 certaines maladies fongiques qui endommagent les jeunes plantations.  Dans le bassin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en, les incendies de for\u00eat constituent une menace majeure pour le pin, bien que l&rsquo;\u00e9corce \u00e9paisse et la haute cime rendent l&rsquo;arbre moins sensible au feu.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nav3\">Description du pin italien<\/h2>\n<p>Le pin c\u00e8dre m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en est un conif\u00e8re \u00e0 feuilles persistantes de taille moyenne qui peut atteindre 25 \u00e0 30 m de diam\u00e8tre et dont les troncs d\u00e9passent 2 m de diam\u00e8tre.  La couronne est sph\u00e9rique et arbustive chez les jeunes sp\u00e9cimens, en forme de parapluie \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge moyen, plate et large \u00e0 maturit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Le sommet du tronc est orn\u00e9 de nombreuses branches obliques.  Les aiguilles se rapprochent des extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s des branches.  L&rsquo;\u00e9corce est brun rouge\u00e2tre, fissur\u00e9e, avec de larges plaques plates orange-violet.  Les aiguilles sont vert bleu\u00e2tre et mesurent en moyenne 8 \u00e0 15 cm de long.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-15105\" src=\"https:\/\/mistial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1640120929_118_Italian-pine-Pinia.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"544\" height=\"363\"  ><\/p>\n<p>La plante est mono\u00efque, unisexu\u00e9e.  Les c\u00f4nes polliniques sont brun orang\u00e9 p\u00e2le, nombreux et rassembl\u00e9s autour de la base des nouvelles pousses, longues de 10 \u00e0 20 mm.  Les c\u00f4nes porte-graines sont ovo\u00efdes-globuleux, longs de 8 \u00e0 12 cm, verts \u00e0 un jeune \u00e2ge et brun rouge\u00e2tre \u00e0 maturit\u00e9, m\u00fbrissant la troisi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e.  Les graines sont brun p\u00e2le, longues de 15 \u00e0 20 mm, lourdes, avec des ailes facilement d\u00e9tachables et mal dispers\u00e9es par le vent.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nav4\">Utilisation du pin<\/h2>\n<p>Ce pin est une esp\u00e8ce polyvalente cultiv\u00e9e pour la production de bois d&rsquo;\u0153uvre, de noix, de r\u00e9sine, d&rsquo;\u00e9corce, de lutte contre l&rsquo;\u00e9rosion des sols, \u00e0 des fins environnementales et esth\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-15106 size-medium\" title=\"utilisation du pin\" src=\"https:\/\/mistial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1640120930_577_Italian-pine-Pinia.jpg\" alt=\"utilisation du pin\" width=\"544\" height=\"363\"  ><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"nav5\">Production de bois de pin<\/h3>\n<p>Copeaux de bois de pin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en de bonne qualit\u00e9.  Le mat\u00e9riau a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement utilis\u00e9 dans le pass\u00e9.  Dans les conditions modernes, la croissance lente du pin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en par rapport \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres esp\u00e8ces rend cet arbre \u00e9conomiquement inefficace.  Le pin n&rsquo;est qu&rsquo;une esp\u00e8ce mineure dans les plantations commerciales.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"nav6\">Renforcement du littoral<\/h3>\n<p>La haute r\u00e9sistance des racines du pin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en aux sols sablonneux pauvres a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e avec succ\u00e8s pour consolider les dunes de sable dans les r\u00e9gions c\u00f4ti\u00e8res de la mer M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"nav7\">Le pin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en le plus pr\u00e9cieux<\/h3>\n<p>Sans aucun doute, le produit le plus \u00e9conomiquement important extrait du pin est la graine comestible.  Les pignons de pin sont utilis\u00e9s et vendus depuis l&rsquo;Antiquit\u00e9 et la demande ne cesse de cro\u00eetre.  Les principaux fabricants de ce produit :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Espagne;<\/li>\n<li>Le Portugal;<\/li>\n<li>Italie;<\/li>\n<li>Tunisie;<\/li>\n<li>Dinde.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sur les sols sablonneux pauvres de la r\u00e9gion m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne, d&rsquo;autres arbres s&rsquo;enracinent mal.  Le pin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en a un grand potentiel en tant que culture alternative avec une attention de plantation minimale.  Les arbres satisfont la demande de pignons de pin et sont utilis\u00e9s pour la production de bois d&rsquo;\u0153uvre et de bois de chauffage pour les r\u00e9sidents locaux.  Parmi les pins, le b\u00e9tail paissent, chassent les animaux sauvages et cueillent des champignons.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le pin d&rsquo;Italie m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en Pinia est un arbre de taille moyenne avec une grande couronne plate en forme de parapluie qui pousse dans le bassin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en dans les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, en particulier dans le sud de l&rsquo;Europe occidentale. Conditions de croissance du pin L&rsquo;arbre occupe un large \u00e9ventail de conditions climatiques et p\u00e9dologiques, mais pr\u00e9sente&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mistial.com\/fr\/nature-fr\/2021\/pin-ditalie-pinia\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Lire la suite &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Pin d&rsquo;Italie Pinia<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2107,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[204,201,196,131],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-botanique","category-ecologie","category-flore-fr","category-nature-fr"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Pin d&#039;Italie Pinia - 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